306 - How Does Order Arise in the Universe?

One of the greatest challenges facing science at the beginning of the 21st century is how do we account for the evolution of the universe, an evolution that includes the appearance of life on earth, when we know that the universe relentlessly moves towards a state of disorder?  Both guests, each a Nobel laureate, contend that much of the knowledge being uncovered today depends on a new set of trans-disciplinary skills that unify the sciences for the first time since Newton. Integration has already lead to more practical problem solving, such as the search for a cure for AIDS.